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	<title>Fides Quaerens Intellectum &#187; College Musings</title>
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	<link>http://johnbasie.com</link>
	<description>Aim at heaven and you will get earth thrown in. Aim at earth and you get neither. -C.S. Lewis</description>
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		<title>The Fulcrum of Desire</title>
		<link>http://johnbasie.com/2012/04/06/the-fulcrum-of-desire/</link>
		<comments>http://johnbasie.com/2012/04/06/the-fulcrum-of-desire/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 06 Apr 2012 12:20:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John B.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Academics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[College Musings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Millennials]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://johnbasie.com/?p=171</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Having heard much about James K.A. Smith&#8217;s 2009 book Desiring the Kingdom: Worship, Worldview, and Cultural Formation, and having recently received a nudge from a friend and colleague to pull the trigger, I went ahead and began digging in.  Thus far I&#8217;ve not been disappointed.  This book is particularly suited to Christ-followers whose vocation is [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Having heard much about James K.A. Smith&#8217;s 2009 book <em>Desiring the Kingdom: Worship, Worldview, and Cultural Formation</em>, and having recently received a nudge from a friend and colleague to pull the trigger, I went ahead and began digging in.  Thus far I&#8217;ve not been disappointed.  This book is particularly suited to Christ-followers whose vocation is in some way related to raising up the next generation of leaders&#8211;that is, how to educate them in the most deeply meaningful sense of the term.  Much of what we do in Christian higher education is based on the correct notion that we are rational beings.  We ought not give ground on that.  However, Smith reminds us of what Augustine trumpeted long ago, namely, that we are also pre-rational beings.  We discover the world by following the various loves that we develop.  So how do we come to love what is good, right, and true?  How, in other words, do we come to desire the things that will lead us to flourish as both citizens of heaven and earth in the way our Creator intended?  Smith offers a hint of the kind of formation we ought to be about as we form the next generation of leaders:  &#8221;Our habits thus constitute the fulcrum of our desire:  they are the hinge that &#8216;turns&#8217; our heart, our love, such that it is predisposed to be aimed in certain directions.&#8221;</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Advice to new college grads</title>
		<link>http://johnbasie.com/2011/05/05/advice-to-new-college-grads/</link>
		<comments>http://johnbasie.com/2011/05/05/advice-to-new-college-grads/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 05 May 2011 11:37:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John B.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[College Musings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Millennials]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vocation]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://johnbasie.com/?p=138</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[My friend and colleague Hunter Baker, Assoc. Dean of the School of Arts and Sciences at Union University, has some sound counsel for freshly-minted college grads in his recent post. http://hunterbaker.wordpress.com/2011/05/04/advice-to-new-graduates-in-recessionary-times/ &#160;]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>My friend and colleague Hunter Baker, Assoc. Dean of the School of Arts and Sciences at Union University, has some <a href="http://hunterbaker.wordpress.com/2011/05/04/advice-to-new-graduates-in-recessionary-times/">sound counsel for freshly-minted college grads</a> in his recent post.</p>
<p>http://hunterbaker.wordpress.com/2011/05/04/advice-to-new-graduates-in-recessionary-times/</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>Second-rate intellectually?</title>
		<link>http://johnbasie.com/2011/02/01/second-rate-intellectually-2/</link>
		<comments>http://johnbasie.com/2011/02/01/second-rate-intellectually-2/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 01 Feb 2011 13:40:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John B.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Academics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[College Musings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Millennials]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://johnbasie.com/?p=115</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[More on the CA roundtable I mentioned in the last post&#8211;USC philosopher and author Dallas Willard was with us. Much of the discussion focused on how to impact the secular university, and, among other ideas and observations he offered,  Dallas had this to say: &#8220;I’m most concerned about [the Christian] students who are going out [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>More on the CA roundtable I mentioned in the last post&#8211;USC philosopher and author Dallas Willard was with us. Much of the discussion focused on how to impact the secular university, and, among other ideas and observations he offered,  Dallas had this to say: &#8220;I’m most concerned about [the Christian] students who are going out into the world believing that they are intellectually second rate. I would really like to see something that would help.&#8221;</p>
<p>The point:  there are some GREAT campus ministries out there doing fantastic evangelistic and discipleship work.  But who is out there coming alongside millennials to help them understand that their faith is not something merely to be put alongside their coursework, and showing them in intellectual fashion that God&#8217;s Word and his world are inextricably intertwined?</p>
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		<title>California Musings on Curriculum</title>
		<link>http://johnbasie.com/2010/11/22/california-musings-on-curriculum/</link>
		<comments>http://johnbasie.com/2010/11/22/california-musings-on-curriculum/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 23 Nov 2010 02:25:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John B.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Academics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[College Musings]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://johnbasie.com/?p=109</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A number of us from the foundation had the opportunity to meet with several education leaders last weekend in California.  One of the participants, a long-time veteran in the field of higher education and former seminary president, made the observation that &#8220;the culture of the institution is the hidden curriculum for the students.&#8221;  More to [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A number of us from the foundation had the opportunity to meet with several education leaders last weekend in California.  One of the participants, a long-time veteran in the field of higher education and former seminary president, made the observation that &#8220;the culture of the institution is the hidden curriculum for the students.&#8221;  More to come on this one.</p>
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		<title>JP Moreland on Education</title>
		<link>http://johnbasie.com/2010/09/28/jp-moreland-on-education/</link>
		<comments>http://johnbasie.com/2010/09/28/jp-moreland-on-education/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 28 Sep 2010 14:50:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John B.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[College Musings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vocation]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://johnbasie.com/?p=104</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[JP Moreland, my former philosophy professor who is still very much a mentor to me, made his annual pilgrimage back to IMPACT 360 this month, and we got into a discusssion of &#8220;real&#8221; education.  Here are a few of his thoughts: &#8220;&#8230;as I’ve said before, we are not human beings seeking a spiritual life; we [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://jpmoreland.com">JP Moreland</a>, my former philosophy professor who is still very much a mentor to me, made his annual pilgrimage back to <a href="http://impact360.net">IMPACT 360</a> this month, and we got into a discusssion of &#8220;real&#8221; education.  Here are a few of his thoughts:</p>
<p>&#8220;&#8230;as I’ve said before, we are not human beings seeking a spiritual life; we are spiritual beings seeking a human life.  Now what does that mean?  That means at the very core of our identity is <span id="more-104"></span> the spiritual life.  We are fundamentally spiritual creatures.  We were made to be attached to and connected to God.  We were made to co-labor with God.  That’s the way we were made.  I don’t care if you’re an atheist, I don’t care what your beliefs are, whether you like it or not, that’s the way you were made to function.  And you will function best if you come to know the Creator Who made you, the God of the Bible, and you learn to co-labor with Him throughout the rest of your life.</p>
<p>Now an education should help a person learn how to attach to God and to see God’s world the way God sees it.  It will include then an understanding of theology and philosophy and the humanities.   It will help a student learn to understand the trends in the culture.  What’s happening in my culture and my world?  And how do I think about these trends from a Christian point of view?</p>
<p>It will include the notion of calling, that I have a calling from God.  That calling might be to be a Christian doctor, or to be a school teacher, or a Christian businessman or woman, whatever it might be.  But God put me into this world for a purpose, and He has got a calling on my life.  He hasn’t specified everything in complete detail.  Sure, I have freedom about certain things, but there are things, tasks that God put me here to do, and He gave me talents and abilities that make me uniquely qualified to fulfill my calling.  A good education should emphasize calling and help a student find his or her calling.&#8221;</p>
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		<title>University disputations: First month in the classroom</title>
		<link>http://johnbasie.com/2010/08/28/university-disputations-first-month-in-the-classroom/</link>
		<comments>http://johnbasie.com/2010/08/28/university-disputations-first-month-in-the-classroom/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 28 Aug 2010 13:16:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John B.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Academics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[College Musings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Millennials]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://johnbasie.com/?p=101</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Millions of young Christ-followers began their university journey this month.  How will they fare with regard to their worldview and overall approach to life?  Statistics are rather grim.  I&#8217;ll leave those for another post sometime, but for now, here are a few thoughts from University of Southern California professor of philosophy Dallas Willard (The Divine [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Millions of young Christ-followers began their university journey this month.  How will they fare with regard to their worldview and overall approach to life?  Statistics <span id="more-101"></span> are rather grim.  I&#8217;ll leave those for another post sometime, but for now, here are a few thoughts from University of Southern California professor of philosophy Dallas Willard (<em>The Divine Conspiracy</em>, 331) about discerning the present-day thought environment:</p>
<p>&#8220;To understand why the negative prejudice [with regard to the claim that God is Creator and Sustainer of all] is so strong now, just reflect on how the entire system of human expertise, as represented by our many-tiered structure of certification and accreditation, has a tremendous vested interest in ruling God <em>out</em> of consideration.  For, if it cannot do that, it is simply wrong about what it presents as knowledge and reality&#8211;of which God is no part&#8230;.God currently forms no part of recognized human competence in any field of knowledge or practice.  But if this actually is God&#8217;s universe, the current lords of knowledge have made what is surely the greatest mistake in human history.  Believing the world is flat or the moon is cheese would be nothing in comparison to their mistake.&#8221;</p>
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		<title>Earned Success</title>
		<link>http://johnbasie.com/2010/08/23/earned-success/</link>
		<comments>http://johnbasie.com/2010/08/23/earned-success/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Aug 2010 15:05:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John B.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Academics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[College Musings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Millennials]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Reading]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://johnbasie.com/?p=89</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Marana (my wife) and I recently returned from a cruise vacation to the Bahamas, the purpose of which was to celebrate the completion of the Ph.D. that I started back in the fall of 2000.  Fantastic experience (the cruise, that is); ready to go back.  One afternoon a small advertisement on the wall of the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Marana (my wife) and I recently returned from a cruise vacation to the Bahamas, the purpose of which was to celebrate the completion of the Ph.D. that I started back in the fall of 2000.  Fantastic experience (the cruise, that is); ready to go back.  One afternoon a small advertisement on the wall of the men’s room caught my eye:  “Money won is twice as sweet as money earned.”  Of course Royal Carribbean’s <span id="more-89"></span> great hope was that I’d pay a visit to the on-board casino, and perhaps even gamble my way through few rolls of quarters in the one-arm bandits—perhaps more if I got into it enough.  The irony of such a solicitation at that particular moment was that the day before, on deck 10 of the ship I had just finished reading Arthur Brooks’s book <em>The Battle:  How the Fight Between FREE ENTERPRISE and BIG GOVERNMENT Will Shape America’s Future</em> (Basic Books, 2010). Brooks is currently the president of the American Enterprise Institute in Washington, D.C., a think-tank dedicated to free enterprise.</p>
<p>Back to the point, namely why money won (unearned) isn’t sweeter than money earned and why the project of educating towards a virtuous citizenry matters now more than ever: Lottery studies have shown that money won is negatively correlated with long-term happiness about life in general (see Brooks, pp 75-81).   If this is true, then the current generation of college students is being sold a bill of goods about how this economic mess will get fixed once and for all.  Brooks argues that “If money without earned success does not bring happiness, then redistributing money won’t make for a happier America&#8221; (81).  I agree with him.  But redistribution has been the underlying (although often an unspoken term by its advocates) strategy to counteract the recent evils of Wall Street.  So what?  What bearing does all this have on educating the millennial generation? Brooks points out that a majority of late teens to early thirty-somethings tend to be quite comfortable with socialist policies.  A 2010 Gallup poll proves it.</p>
<p>I&#8217;m simultaneously concerned and not concerned about these stats.  Not concerned because it won&#8217;t take long for millennials to understand the hollow promises of an increasingly socialist-leaning government.  Concerned, because once we start down this road as a country, it&#8217;s really hard to right the ship.  Earned success increases overall happiness about one&#8217;s life, unearned success doesn’t, and those of us who have been in the working world for longer than a few years know it.  If higher education has anything to do with helping young bearers of the <em>imago dei </em>to flourish in the deepest sense, then can we really afford to continue educating on this issue in the smorgasbord-kind-of-way that has become the norm?</p>
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		<title>Del Tackett on Vulnerabilities for College-Bound Millennials</title>
		<link>http://johnbasie.com/2010/06/23/del-tackett-on-vulnerabilities-for-college-bound-millennials/</link>
		<comments>http://johnbasie.com/2010/06/23/del-tackett-on-vulnerabilities-for-college-bound-millennials/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 23 Jun 2010 19:03:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John B.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[College Musings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Millennials]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://johnbasie.com/?p=84</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Each year Del Tackett, author of the Truth Project, comes to facilitate student learning.  I&#8217;m always struck by his genuine concern for the millennial generation and the unique challenges faced by its emerging leaders.  Here are his reflections following his spring 2010 visit.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Each year Del Tackett, author of the Truth Project, comes to facilitate student learning.  I&#8217;m always struck by his genuine concern for the millennial generation and the unique challenges faced by its emerging leaders.  Here are his <a href="http://deltackett.com/2010/03/08/college-bound-vulnerabilities/">reflections</a> following his spring 2010 visit.</p>
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		<title>College Studies &amp; Eternality</title>
		<link>http://johnbasie.com/2010/05/13/college-studies-eternality/</link>
		<comments>http://johnbasie.com/2010/05/13/college-studies-eternality/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 13 May 2010 12:43:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John B.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[College Musings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Millennials]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://johnbasie.com/?p=75</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[About a year ago one of our students asked me a question that I thought ranked fairly high on the profundity scale, especially given that she was only 18 years old.  “What are the things we do on this earth that we will take with us into eternity?”  As she clarified her question, I discovered [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>About a year ago one of our students asked me a question that I thought ranked fairly high on the profundity scale, especially given that she was only 18 years old.  “What are the things we do on this earth that we will take with us into eternity?”  As she clarified her question, I discovered that it had been prompted by the previous evening’s outside-the-classroom learning experience: a half-hour stroll through a graveyard.  Her reflections on that experience revealed that she was seeking desperately to understand <span id="more-75"></span> what is truly permanent in our very souls when we go to Heaven, which would then inform her choice of a major in college.</p>
<p>The point of the graveyard exercise was to remind these young leaders that, in one sense we’re all destined to become part of the earth once again and that our days in this life are just a few handbreadths (Ps. 39:5).  Given that fact, how do we hope our epitaphs will read?   What legacy will we leave?  There was another point to the activity, however, namely to crystallize in their souls a hope-informed understanding of human existence that flows out of God’s plan to redeem the created order itself and make all things new and to remind them that the degree to which they live with an eternal perspective in this short life is the degree to which they will be participating as God’s vice-regents in restoring all aspects of his original design—of living in this world <em>coram deo</em>, before the face of God through a deep awareness of creation, fall, redemption and finally, yes, consummation.</p>
<p>This coed really knew more than what she realized.  As we discussed her question in greater depth, she began to see how all the worldview studies and related ethical issues we had covered last year in the formal classroom ethos as well as service to others outside the classroom has eternal value.  The nature of learning itself for creatures made in God’s image is such that studies and practice in the various disciplines, whether the humanities, music, art, business, or the helping professions, will change us, literally forever. Our formal college studies as image-bearers ought to so shape us that we gain new depth of insight about how we should treat each others at the beginning of life, how we do or don’t love God and neighbor inside the covenant of marriage or in the workplace, how we care for the elderly in their frailty.  How we think and act in these spheres of life will necessarily change us in such a way that will affect how we live out the rest of our days on earth as well as affecting our souls’ capacities to glorify Him <em>fully</em> in the new heaven and earth.  The redeemed human disposition to learn and serve others as a response to what we learn isn’t something that passes away because our physical bodies are mortal.  What we learn in this world and how we live that out in this brief life will have implications for both the scope and depth with which we glorify God when we are resurrected in the next.</p>
<p>The inquisitive coed student would agree with N.T. Wright that the Christian “mission must urgently recover from its long-term schizophrenia. The split between saving souls and doing good in the world is not a product of the Bible or the gospel, but of the cultural captivity of both.”  Seems to me that unlike evangelical boomers and x’ers who have demonstrated more susceptibility to the residual effects of the fundamentalist-modernist controversy, millennials are less willing than their predecessors to settle for Dwight Moody’s “sinking ship” understanding of the culture and the rather thin view of hope that corresponds to it (“God has given me a lifeboat and has said ‘Moody, save all you can’”).  They are far more likely, once made aware of it, to embrace C.S. Lewis’s paradigm:  “Hope…means…a continual looking forward to the eternal world….It does not mean that we are to leave the present world as it is.  If you read history you will find that the Christians who did most for the present world were just those who thought most of the next.”  So may it be for those of us who are called to teach and mentor this millennial generation of Christ-followers.</p>
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		<title>Athens &amp; Jerusalem</title>
		<link>http://johnbasie.com/2010/03/21/athens-jerusalem/</link>
		<comments>http://johnbasie.com/2010/03/21/athens-jerusalem/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Mar 2010 00:59:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John B.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Church]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[College Musings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://johnbasie.com/?p=68</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Church-related liberal arts colleges historically tack to the left and eventually separate from their founding denominations.  James Burtchaell, a Catholic scholar and author of The Dying of the Light:  The Disengagement of Colleges and Universities from Their Christian Churches (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1998), has outlined the way in which this usually takes place.  How [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Church-related liberal arts colleges historically tack to the left and eventually separate from their founding denominations.  James Burtchaell, a Catholic scholar and author of <em>The Dying of the Light:  The Disengagement of Colleges and Universities from Their Christian Churches</em> (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1998), has outlined the way in which this usually takes place.  How much of this accurately represents a college or university near you?  As one of my graduate mentors would often say, &#8220;you be the judge.&#8221;  JDB</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>James Burtchaell’s 9 steps of Alienation in Christian Higher Education</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>A period of stagnation is evident in the life of the institution; a dynamic typically attributed to “depressive influence” by the institution’s sponsoring denomination.  This is then often followed by a time of social unrest and intellectual turbulence in both the denomination and the institution, because <span id="more-68"></span> “fresh findings and methods and disciplines [raise] fearful philosophical challenges to theology.  Spokesmen for the church’s concerns, by a compound of incapacity and animosity, [exacerbate] the apparent hostility between the church and rigorous scholarship” (144).</li>
<li>An administrator, usually the president, is convinced of the need to raise the institution’s level of academic prestige and overall excellence.  However, the institution’s sponsoring denomination is seen as an adversary—or at best, an irritating obstacle—to the achievement of this goal (149).</li>
<li>Estrangement from the sponsoring denomination occurs during a time when it is financially profitable for the institution to accept funding from secular sources.  Further, the institution may justify the estrangement on the basis of the sponsoring denomination’s inability or lack of willingness to provide funds sufficient to meet the institution’s academic ambitions (152).</li>
<li>A “loyalty shift” occurs, i.e., there is a transfer of primary loyalty from the denomination to the academic guild.  This especially holds true for the faculty (153).</li>
<li>There is a decline of support for any institutional policy which requires active communion in church as a qualification for entrance to its constituencies, including its governance (board), administration, faculty, and student body.  A secondary effect of this dynamic is the university’s inability to identify itself as a unit of the sponsoring denomination (156).</li>
<li>There is a “progressive devolution” of institutional representatives who identify with any church at all.  Typically this involves a significant percentage of staff and faculty who first abandon the distinctives of the sponsoring denomination in their language and practices (i.e. from “Methodist” to “Christian”), then to generically religious and finally to overtly secular (157).</li>
<li>There is an anxiety and sense of urgency generated by the tension created when the institution attempts to appeal to one constituency (e.g., the state, intellectual elite, donors, etc.) while simultaneously trying to avoid antagonizing another constituency (e.g., the church and its campus representatives).  The solution to this tension is often to replace religious identity with “reductionist equivalents,” e.g., identifying the Christian mission of the institution with making contributions toward a more prosperous and socially conscious American public.  Additionally, a common substitute for deep religious faith was “morality;” the institution persists in its dedication to cultivate moral character within its students (158-60).</li>
<li>Theological studies/church ministry studies are separated from the academic center of the institution.  In the Vanderbilt case, this move was seen as an enhancement of autonomy and academic freedom for these departments, but in reality it was a marginalizing factor (161).</li>
<li>Active Christians are typically more effective in alienating colleges and universities from their faith-communities than are hostile secularists.  Historically, this change has occurred in three stages: <strong>a)</strong> First there is a “muting”—usually enacted by Christians—of all or most overt claims of the institution to be a functional limb of a particular denomination.  Statements, decisions and symbols that were historically public and unapologetic become private and bashful in their tenor.  <strong>b)</strong> The period following is often a time of high morale on campus due to the perception that academic standards and aspirations are rising, as are prestige and funding.  Faith is “mute” but still present.  <strong>c)</strong> This third and final period is marked by institutional control via a new breed of intellectuals whose obedience is fully to the academic guilds and their foundational assumptions, which are radically divorced from faith commitments or religion in general.  It is at this point that the institution becomes completely secularized.</li>
</ol>
<p>* Taken from “The Alienation of Christian Higher Education in America: Diagnosis and Prognosis.  In <em>Schooling Christians: &#8220;Holy Experiments&#8221; in American Education</em></p>
<p>by <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/search-handle-url/ref=ntt_athr_dp_sr_1?%5Fencoding=UTF8&amp;search-type=ss&amp;index=books&amp;field-author=Stanley%20Hauerwas">Stanley Hauerwas</a> (Author), <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/search-handle-url/ref=ntt_athr_dp_sr_2?%5Fencoding=UTF8&amp;search-type=ss&amp;index=books&amp;field-author=John%20H.%20Westerhoff">John H. Westerhoff</a> (Editor) Eerdmans 1992.</p>
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